寒冷地区住宅建筑采暖节能综合设计与分析 2017-04-28

寒冷地区住宅建筑采暖节能综合设计与分析

当今世界， 能源问题已经成为人们日益关注的热点问题。而建筑能耗在整个
社会能源消耗中的重大比例，使建筑节能成为世界建筑界面临的一个紧迫问题。
随着城市化进程的加快和国民经济的增长， 我国住宅产业近年来发展迅速， 住宅
建筑的节能问题已经日益突出。我国虽然分阶段颁布实施了多部节能标准，但实
际建筑市场却仍然存在“节能建筑不节能”的状况，其原因在于建筑设计中缺少
对于各种建筑节能措施的综合考虑分析。广义的住宅建筑能耗包括建筑材料的生
产能耗、建筑施工能耗以及使用能耗三大部分。本文针对采暖地区居住建筑冬季
采暖和夏季空调的能耗问题，尤其是严重的冬季来暖能耗问题，本着“开源节流”
的建筑节能设计原则，从建筑节能技术设计和建筑新能源利用两个方面， 对如何
做到建筑节能， 做了综合的阐述分析。本文采用计算机动态仿真模拟技术，对单
体别墅和多层住宅，进行了采暖能耗模拟计算，得到了建筑门窗比与建筑体形系
数对建筑能耗影响程度的相关结论，并提出考虑太阳辐射因素来进行建筑固护结
构设计的观点。在能源利用方面，面对应用化石能源将会带来全球环境污染和气
候变暖等问题，本论文结合设计方案，通过计算建筑中安装的太阳能集热器得热
量，对如何综合利用可再生无污染能源来减少建筑能耗值做了有根据的分析，并
进行了成本回收估算。最后针对我国建筑节能现状及当前节能工作中存在的问
题，进行了深入思考， 提出个人看法和见解，及其在节能建筑设计中应采取的对
策。
关键词： 建筑节能；采暖能耗；模拟；综合利用

ABSTRACT
At present, the energy problem has been a hot issue in the world. And saving
energy in buildings has become to a great important issue since the buildings spent
a large portion of all energy.In China, with the accelerated proceeding of
urbanization and the development of GDP, the house industry developed with a
high speed in recently years.
Although the government made serval laws and many rules on saving energy,
the result is not optimistic now. The mainly reason is that the buildings were not
designed with saving energy techniques as one necessary part.
This paper talked about the energy consumption of the heating in the winter and
the conditioner in the summer in north area of China from two aspects of saving
energy technology and new energy ultilization.
And this paper indicates the techniques to reduce the energy consumption in
design stage by simulating the heat consumption of the example buildings with vary
area ritio of window to wall and vary shape coefficient of building.
At the end of the paper, the author brings forward some suggestions on
spreading of the saving energy buildings.
KEY WORDS: Saving energy, heating consumption, simulation, synthetically using